Frame rate is the number of frames recorded or played back per second in a video. In the context provided here, it is not only a technical measure of motion, but also a crucial condition for reworking time itself as image material. In the production of Passing, the work required a shooting setup that could satisfy both high resolution and high frame rate at the same time. This led to the use of a professional high-speed capture system. The filming recorded 480 frames per second, capturing about 20 minutes of a train ride and producing roughly 430,000 frames in total.
Because each frame exists as an individual still image at 3840 × 2160 pixels, the footage can be treated as a continuous chain of photographs. The work’s digital processing begins by stacking these frames along the time axis to form a virtual three-dimensional volume. Ordinary video playback would extract a straight cross-section from this volume, but Passing instead allows the angle of that section to be freely rotated. In this process, the simultaneity normally contained within a single frame is broken apart, and the perspective space that would usually converge toward a vanishing point gradually transforms into a parallel-projection-like space. In this sense, frame rate functions as a foundational parameter for the work’s spatial and temporal reconstruction.